Index for the book American Apartheid: The Native American Struggle for Self-Determination and Inclusion


This short video offers additional images from the book.

INDEX 


100Reporters,edited by Diana Schemo, 253 

A Tribe Called Red, 245

Abourezk, Charles, 56

Abourezk, James, 196

Abramoff, Jack, 103

Absentee voting, see Early voting

Act of 1948, 24

Act of March 2, 1899, 23

Ad Hoc Advisory Group on Native American Sentencing Issues, 157 

Adakai, Frank, 34, 251 

Adakai, Patrick, 31, 38, 40, 41, 251

Adoption Era, taking of Native children into adoption and foster care, 194-207

Agoyo, Herman, 227

Alaska, Alaska Native villages, tribes, members, 40, 58, 67, 79, 82, 91-95, 97, 103, 134-137, 154, 159, 161, 163, 192, 200, 208-209, 212-213, 216, 224-227, 248

Alcatraz Island, California, takeover, 13, 243

Alcohol and/or drugs, 7, 56-57, 91, 132, 146, 155, 201, 202, 203, 212-213

American Civil Liberties Union, or ACLU, 89, 101, 104, 164, 205, 206, 251

American Indian Religious Freedom Act, or AIRFA, 128, 194

American Indians and the Fight for Equal Voting Rights, by Laughlin McDonald, 89

Anschuetz, Kurt, 227-240, 249

Anshe:kwe, Zuni Pueblo dance group, 4, 249 

Apache Stronghold, 131

Apartheid, initial use of term in South Africa, 8

Arapaho, members, 39 

Archaeology, 116-129, 227-240

Argus Leader, 88

Arizona State University, 47

Arizona, 25, 28, 67, 82, 84, 103, 131, 135, 205, 206, 252

Armed forces, service in, 8, 106, 198

Association on American Indian Affairs, 194

Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians, 140-141 

Badlands National Park, 55, 288, 289

Bailey, Erin, 251

Bakken, in North Dakota, 32, 51

Barth, Jeff, 89

Battle Mountain Band of the Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians, 6, 108, 113 

Battle of the Little Bighorn, 10, 42, 80, 82

Baum, L. Frank, 81

Bear Chief, Ken, who was Gros Ventre, Nez Perce, and Nooksak, 194, 203, 248 

Bears Ears National Monument, 12, 134, 142

Beckwith, Terry, 24, 25, 32, 34, 35, 250

Begich, Mark, 2, 103

Benado, Joseph, 17-18, 249

Bennett, Ramona, 131, 173-174 

Bertsche, Robert, 251

Biakeddy, Colleen, 252

Bighorn Medicine Wheel, 47

Birmingham, Alabama, segregationist Bull Connor, 84

Black Hills, 12, 42, 68, 114, 115, 116, 118

Black Lives Matter, 160-161

Blackfeet, tribe, reservation, members, 32-33, 59, 68, 84-85, 103, 250, 251

Blessing for a Long Time: The Sacred Pole of the Omaha Tribe, by Dennis Hastings and Robin Ridington, 243

Boarding schools, 10, 39-40, 189-194, 196, 199, 216, 240, 248

Bob, Johnny, 145

Boston Common, 47-48

Boys and Girls Club, 220

Brascoupé, Clayton (Apikan), 16, 232, 249

Bristol Bay, including Pebble Mine issue, 40, 91-96, 134-137, 224-227, 248

Bristol Bay, villages and voting rights, 40, 92, 94-96 

Brooklyn Bridge, 245

Brooklyn Museum, 244 

Brooklyn Nutcracker, 244 

Brooks v. Gant, 72

Brown v. Board of Education,50

Buckley, John, 221, 223-224

Buddhas of Bamiyan, 123

Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show, 197

Buffalo, animals, herds, meat, 53, 54, 68, 125, 197, 215, 218-224

Bullying, 208, 213

Bureau of Indian Affairs, or BIA, 13, 28-34, 45, 46, 60, 63, 190, 206, 237, 252

Bureau of Justice Statistics, or BJS, 150-151 

Bureau of Land Management, or BLM, 107-126, 143 

Burton, Colleen, 125

Butte, Montana, 98 

Caddo, tribe, member, 1, 80, 133

California, 59, 115, 161, 164, 253

Cantwell, Maria, 103 

Carlyle Consulting, 103

Carter, Jimmy, 128

Case, Martin, 48

Casey Family Programs, 201

Cash, Roseanne,14-15

Castaway, Paul, 161, 165

Center for Biological Diversity, 134

Center for Native American Youth, 251 

Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, or CJCJ, 160

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, 160, 163, 166, 169, 207, 208, 223, 249

Chaatsmith, Marti L., 2

Chaco Canyon,134

Chasing Hawk, Ernestine, 253

Cheekbones, 223

Cherokee, tribe, member, descendant, 28, 42, 250, 253

Chert, or white flint, 111, 114, 119, 121

Cheyenne River Sioux, tribe, reservation, programs, members, 1,  63, 90, 127, 156, 179, 199,  208, 211, 212, 216, 248

Cheyenne River Youth Project, 211-212, 248

Chickasaw, tribe, member,151

Child welfare, including disproportionately high rates of Native children in care, child suicide, and more, 169-196

Chin, Roger, 161-162, 166, 167, 251

Choctaw, tribe, members, 2, 51, 163

Church and state, no separation in federal Indian policy, 39-40, 190

Circle Bear, Sarah Lee, 161

Civil War, 84, 115

Claremont Graduate University, 75, 161, 162, 165, 251

Clark, Jamar, 163

Clarkson, Gavin, 51

Clean Water Act, 134

Climate March, 79-80

Clinton Global Initiative, or CGI, 63, 65

Clinton, William or Bill, 63, 65, 128

Cloud, Red, 41-42, 217

Coalition of Large Tribes, or COLT, 76-77, 160

Cobell, Elouise, and Cobell lawsuit, 59-62

Cochiti Pueblo, tribe, members, 16, 17, 236, 249

Colorado, 73, 141, 230, 252

Colorlines, 84

Columbia University, 85

Commodity foods, 223

Companies/corporations with reservation presence, 24

Competency and its relation to ownership, 37, 38

Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs, 137

Congressional Record, 39

Connecticut, 58

Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, or Cooper Union, 41-42

Cooper, Peter, 41-42

Corn, 16-17, 38, 46, 142, 213, 231, 236, 237, 238

Cournoyer, Bobby, 56

Covarrubias, Daniel, 161-162

Craft, Malee, 165

Crandell, Susan, 253

Crisis Intervention Team training, 167 

Crosby, Alex, 208

Cross, Terry, 187-189, 204

Crow Creek, tribe, reservation, members, 4, 63, 248 

Crow Dog, and ex parte Crow Dog, 152-153

Crow, tribe, reservation, members, 1, 98, 164, 250

Culture, thriving, 112-113, 204, 215-246

Custer, George Armstrong, 42, 164

D’Errico, Peter, 252

Dakota Access Pipeline, or DAPL, 23, 77-78, 129-131, 180, 218

Dakota Free Press, 88

Dakota, tribes, members, 4, 221, 252

Daschle, Tom, back cover

DeCory, Yvonne “Tiny”, 210

Deimel, Greg, 109

Deloria, Vine, 44

Democratic Party, voters, 69, 97-104

DesRosier, Michael, 104 

Dewey Country, South Dakota, 90

Diabetes, diabetes department, 208, 219, 220, 221, 223

Dinétah, 25

District courts, institutions, judges, 59, 206

Divestment, organizing strategy, 133 

Doctor, ancient, and his healing places in Tosawihi, 122-123

Dorgan, Byron, 251

Double jeopardy prosecutions, 154

Duffy, Ryan, 139, 141 

Duran, Bonnie, 165, 166, 167, 169

Dworkin, Judith, 82

Eacret, Raymond, 161-162

Eagle Butte, South Dakota, 156

Earl, Chester, 13, 171, 172, 184

Earl, Lisa, 148, 149, 169

Early voting and in-person absentee voting, 69, 72, 73, 91, 92-94, 99-100

Earthjustice, 136

Earthworks, 135, 136

Echo-Hawk, Walter, 50

Economic issues, including constraints on reservation economies and tribal solutions, 21-65

Eisenhower administration, 44-45, 154

El Rancho Hotel, New Mexico, 28-29

Election Assistance Commission, or EAC, 78 

Electoral College, 115

Elko Band of the Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians, 135 

Enbridge Line 5, 138-140

Energy Transfer Partners, 133

Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, including 2011 Toxics Release Inventory and cleanup costs, 124, 134, 136, 137, 141, 142 

Erdrich, Louise, back cover

Estate planning, Native, Interior Department encouragement of, 60, 62

Fair market value, 34

Faith, Mike, 219

Fall River County, South Dakota, 10, 68-71, 86

Farr, Louise, 253

Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI, 164, 175-176

Federal courts, 52, 84, 91, 110, 122, 150, 151, 152, 156, 157

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 77, 126 

Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 26

Ferguson, April, 248

Fineday, Anita, 202

Finzen, Bruce A., 2

First Nations Repatriation Institute, 187-189, 196-197, 204

Fishing wars, fishing rights, 131, 173-174

Fletcher, Matthew L. M., 49

Flintknapping, 118-122

Flood, Renée Sansom, 197

Flow of money from reservations, or “leakage,” 56-59

Forsyth, James William, 84

Fort Belknap, 98, 99-100, 105, 135-136, 250

Fort Yates, North Dakota, 220

Four Corners, 28, 230

Four Directions Community Center, 200, 248

Four Directions voting-rights group, 67-68, 71-73, 83, 85-86, 100, 160, 250

Fractionation, 60-63

Franken, Al, 103 

Fredericks Peebles & Morgan, 50, 252

Freedom of Information Act, or FOIA, requests, 28-34, 168

Fremont County, Wyoming, 105 

Friends of the Indian, 39, 81

Fund for Investigative Journalism, directed by Sandy Bergo, 253

Gallup, New Mexico, 21, 22, 27, 28, 56, 261

Garcia, Serfina, 21

Garden Design, 14

Gargan, Dan, 63-64

Garreau, Diane, 208, 211

Garreau, Julie, 1, 211-212

Gates of Nineveh, 123 

General Allotment Act, or Dawes Act, 36-39, 174

General Mining Law, 124

George Mason University, 60

George Polk Center for Investigative Reporting, directed by John Darnton, 253 

Gestring, Bonnie, 135

Giago, Tim, 1

Giago, Tim, 253

Gibson guitars, 14-15

Glacier County, Montana, 104

Glasgow, Scotland, UK, 127

Gold King Mine, 141-142

Gold mine in hell, 57

Gold rush, 42, 115

Gopher, Leona, 32-33, 59, 251

Grand Canyon, 134

Great Basin, 111

Great Lakes, 138

Gros Ventre, tribe, members, 98, 194, 248, 250 

Guardian, 160-161

Harrison, Gary, 168-169

Hastings, Dennis, 240-244

Hawk, Michaelynn, 1, 68, 98, 250

Hawley, Vinton, 90

Healy, Bret, 68, 70, 72, 84, 91, 100, 102, 249

Heitkamp, Heidi, 103 

Helena, Montana, 97

Help America Vote Act, or HAVA, 69, 88-89

Hena, Louie, 228-240, 249 

Henio, Katie, 43

Henry, Rexdale, 161

Herder, Valencia, 252

Herron, Caroline, of Herron Consulting, 64-65

High Bear, Phillip, 162

Historic-preservation law, national, 107, 114, 116, 117, 124, 125, 229

Historical trauma, related tribal programs, 10, 137, 203, 207-214

Ho-Chunk Inc., 38, 50

Holley, Glen, 120

Holley, Jonathan, 128-129

Holley, Joseph or Joe, 4, 108, 109-110, 112, 118-128, 143-146, 250

Holley, Julius Jr., 4, 118-121

Holley, Kathleen, 125, 129

Holley, Wanbli, 120-121

Hopi, tribe, members, 127, 236

Hot Springs, South Dakota, 10, 68-71, 199

Houston, Melvin, 252

Howard, Ted, 113, 116-117, 118, 125, 250

Huet, Paul, 143-144, 145-146

Huffington Post,253 

Huffington, Arianna, 253

Hurley, Alannah, 135, 136, 137

ICC Indian Enterprises, 24, 32, 250

ICWA Appellate Project, 207

ICWA Defense Project, 207

ID voting requirements, 72, 78, 79, 90

Idaho, 58, 113, 115, 147, 161, 165

In situeducation of Native children, 120, 218-219

In These Times, with editors Joel Bleifuss, Jessica Stites, and John Collins, and associated Leonard C. Goodman Foundation, 253

In-person absentee voting, see Early voting

Incarceration, federal sentencing guidelines, 156-157

Incarceration, Native juvenile rate, 150

Incarceration, Native rate, 150-154

Incarceration, US as a whole, 154-155

Indian Child Welfare Act, or ICWA, 155, 187-207

Indian Commission, in 1870, 41

Indian Country TodayandIndian Country Media Network, newspaper, magazine, and online site; and Indian Country magazine, 55, 78, 98, 253

Indian Land Tenure Foundation, 36-37, 48, 62, 250

Indian People’s Action, 98, 250

Indian problem, 189

Indian Reorganization Act, or IRA, 43

Indian Treaty Signers Project, 48

Indigenous Environmental Network, 132 

Infrastructure and rights-of-way crossing reservations, 23-34, 37, 53

Infrastructure of reservations, 51

Interior Board of Indian Appeals, or IBIA, 33 

Inuit, tribal people, 227

Iowa, 46, 200

Iron Thunder, Veronica, 207

Ironroad, Christopher, 156-157

Irving, Charles, 21, 32

Janklow, William, 81, 202

Jefferson, Thomas, 48, 126

Jeffersonian grid, 48-49

Jennings, Dylan, 141

Joaquin, Angelo, 16

Johnson, Lydia, 143

Johnson, Lyndon, 102

Johnson, Tim, 2, 103

Jones, B.J., 156-157 

Jones, Wilfred, 76 

Joseph, Gilbert, 161

Journal of American Indian Education, 224

Journalism, journalists, what we do, 10

Juries for federal cases with Native defendants, 158

Justice-related issues, including disproportionately high rates of police shootings and incarceration, 129-167

Kalamazoo River, in Marshall, Michigan, 138, 139

Kane, Maya, 73-76, 252

Kanosh, Corey, 147, 149

Kanosh, Marlee, 180-182, 251

Kay, Stella, 138 

Keggulluk, or Earl Polk, 209-213

Keller, David, 77-78

Kennedy, John, 74 

Kennedy, Robert or Bobby, 102

Kennewick Man, or the Ancient One, 127

Keres, Pueblo language, 17, 18

Keystone Pipeline, 78

Killer, Kevin, 71, 96, 248

King, Martin Luther, 102

Klamath, tribe, 44

Klaus, Marilyn, 253

Klondex Mines, 142-146

Knight, Marleine, 146

Kobuk, Larry, 161

Kocherlakota, Narayana, 26

Koryaks, indigenous people of Russia, 227

Koyukon, Alaska Natives, 213 

La Bajada Mesa, 235

LaFromboise, Teresa, 210-211 

Lakota People’s Law Project, 179

Lakota, tribes, members, 1, 36, 41, 42, 71, 80, 96, 164, 207, 221

Lamberth, US District Court Judge Royce C., 59 

Lame Deer, Montana, 152

LaMere, Frank, 57, 200-201, 248

Land Ordinance of 1785, 48

Lane, Philip, 222

LaRance, Nakotah, 217, 244-246, 249

LaRance, Steve, 217

Largest-circulation US newspapers, 161

Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights under Law, 74, 76

Leakage, fiscal, 56-59

Leasing, including soon after General Allotment Act, 22-25, 27-36, 37, 45-46, 52-53

LeBeau, Marcella, 127 

LeBlanc, Judith, 1, 79-80, 133

Lehto, Tessa, 247

Lembrich, Greg, 71, 73, 83, 85-86, 100, 249-250, 252

Lesarlley, Howard, 249 

Letter from Birmingham Jail,102

Lewis, Hayes, 210-212

Lincoln, Abraham, 115

Little Elk, Wizipan, 63-65

Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, 138 

Littlemoon, Walter, 42

Long Soldier, Layli, 217-218

Long Walk, Navajos’, 42

Looking Horse, Chief Arvol, 11

Lost Bird of Wounded Knee: Spirit of the Lakota, by Renée Sansom Flood, 197

Lost Bird, 196-197

Loudner, Donita, 248

Louisiana Purchase, 49

Lyman, Phil, 76

Mail-in elections, reservation postal service, 70, 73-76

Main, William “Snuffy”, 98, 99-100, 101-102, 105-106, 136, 250 

Males, Mike, 160, 163

Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara tribes, or Three Affiliated Tribes, 51

Manokotak, Alaska, 91-94, 224-225

Martus, Jake, 208

Massachusetts to New Hampshire, claims of bussing of voters, 78

Massey, Garth, 83

Math in a Cultural Context, Yup’ik mathematics, 224-227

McAllester, David, 188-189

McCain, John, 103 

McCool, Daniel, 80-81, 103

McCulloch, Linda, 99 

McDonald, Laughlin, 89, 101, 104-105, 164, 251

McLaughlin, Ken, 220

McPartland, Jamie, 251

Meagher, Thomas, 97 

Melmer, David, 253

Menominee, tribe, timber-products firm, 15-16, 44

Mental-health services, Native, funding for, 166

Meriam Report,43

Mesoamerican cultural complexes, including Tikal and others, 47 

Michigan Petroleum Pipeline Task Force, 139

Michigan State University College of Law, 49, 207
Michigan, potential environmental disaster, 138-140

Midwestern US, including Ohio, large geometrical earthen-mound complexes, 47

Miller, Carina, 137

Miller, Robert J., including precontact economies, 47

Miniconjou Lakota, 42

Minnehaha County, South Dakota, 89

Minnesota counties, voting rights, 91

Minnesota, 91, 103, 179, 187, 195, 252

Misdemeanor convictions, Natives, 155

Missouri River, 54, 80, 129, 221-223, 240

Mitigation, of damage to historic and cultural places and more, 228

Mobridge, South Dakota, 207

Mohawk/Algonquin, tribal member, 16, 249

Montana State University, 62

Montana, 32, 42, 62, 67, 72, 83, 84, 90, 97, 98-104,105, 135-136, 152, 164, 192

Montezuma Creek, Utah, 142

Monument Valley, 76

Moore, Ed “Buster”, 99 

Morgan, Anselm, 27-28, 35

Morgan, Lance, 38, 50, 51, 52, 58, 61, 109, 25

Morgan, Louise, 30

Mounds, midwestern, 47

Muckleshoot, 181

Mulipola, Grace, 248

Murkowski, Lisa, 103

Murphy, Joseph, 161

Napolitano, Christopher, 2, 253

Napolitano, Janet, 103

Naranjo, Tessie, 235, 236, 249

National Congress of American Indians, or NCAI, 166, 207

National Historic Preservation Act, including Section 106, or NHPA, 117

National Indian Child Welfare Association, or NICWA, 187, 207 

National Park Service, 116 117, 243

National Public Radio, 202 

National Register of Historic Places, 116, 117

National Science Foundation, 226

Native American Church, 27

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, or NAGPRA, 117, 227

Native American Journalists Association, or NAJA, 253

Native American Rights Fund, or NARF, 24, 90, 207, 251

Native Hawaiians, 79

Native Lives Matter, 171, 177, 179-181

Native Lives Taken by Police, 180-182 

Native minorities, states with substantial, 67

Native Organizers Alliance, 80, 133

Native political candidates, large number in 2016, 79

Native Seeds/SEARCH, 16

Native Sun News (Today), 253

Native turnout and voting patterns, 95-97

Native Vote: American Indians, the Voting Rights Act, and the Right to Vote, by Daniel McCool, 81 

Navajo Churro sheep, 43, 216

Navajo homesite, 27-28

Navajo Mountain, Utah, 75

Navajo, tribe, reservation, programs, members, language, 9, 21, 25, 27-36, 38, 42, 60, 73-76, 81, 82, 103, 141-142, 164, 188, 216, 251 

Nebraska, 46, 57, 58, 73, 81, 105, 132, 181, 202, 223, 240

Neetsaii Gwich’in, Alaska Natives, 213

Nestlé Waters, 137 

Nevada State Museum, Indian Hills Curatorial Center, 125

Nevada v. Hicks, 53       

Nevada, 67, 72, 89-90, 97, 107-116, 117, 118-123, 124, 125-126, 129, 135, 142-146 

New Mexico State University, 51

New Mexico, 22, 27, 28, 83, 134, 157, 164, 210, 227, 228, 230, 232, 246, 249

New Moon Moving, 240-244

New York Times, 41, 161, 162

Nick v. Bethel,91

Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, 153

Nixon, Richard, 45, 194

North Carolina, 181

North Dakota, 11, 12, 23, 32, 51, 53, 59, 63, 67, 90, 103, 129-130, 132, 161

Northern Cheyenne, tribe, members, 39, 81, 84, 98-102, 104, 105, 151-152, 160, 164, 250 

Nosie, Wendsler, 131, 132, 135

Nunamta Aulukestai, 137 

Nutlouis, Roberto, 252

Oak Flat, Arizona, 131, 135

Obama, Barack; Obama administration, 11, 77, 78, 97, 102, 110, 131, 134, 138, 149

Oceti Sakowin Power Authority, or OSPA, a collaboration of Rosebud, Oglala, Cheyenne River, Crow Creek, Yankton, Standing Rock, and Flandreau Santee Sioux tribes, 63-65

Oglala Sioux, tribe, reservation, programs, members,, 10, 25-26, 36, 41-42, 63, 69-73, 88, 96-98, 126, 175-176, 181, 205, 217-218, 248, 250, 251

Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo, 217, 246, 249

Oklahoma, 38, 39, 181

Omaha, tribe, reservation, programs, members, museum, 46, 240-244

Oregon, 44, 59, 68, 115, 137, 153

Orona, Frankie, of the Borrado, Chumash, and Tongva people, 132

Osage, tribe, members, 38

Oviatt, Peter, 251

Paiute, tribes, members, 89-90, 111, 147, 180, 251

Pappan, Madonna, 205

Paris, France, 127

Parks, Traci, 251

Pattern or practice investigations, of Department of Justice, including Seattle and Albuquerque, 149

Pawnee, tribal member, 50

Payment, Aaron, 138, 140

Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, at Harvard, 127, 243

Pennington County Public Defenders’ Office, South Dakota, 153

Pennington County, South Dakota, 205

Peter, Evon, 213

Peterson, Sassa, 225-226

Peterson, Steven, 58, 206

Pevar, Stephen, 58, 205-206

Pick-Sloan Project, 222-223

Pilgrim Pipeline, 132 

Pilgrims, British immigrants, 126

Pine Ridge, Oglala Sioux tribe, reservation, programs, members, 7, 25-26, 38, 42, 56-58, 68-73, 84-86, 87-89, 96, 98, 103, 132, 175-176, 178, 205, 210, 217-218

Police killings of Natives, data, 161, 167-174, 177-185 

Polisse, Ken, 253

Pommersheim, Frank, 48

Poor Bear v. County of Jackson,72, 88-89

Poor Bear, Tom, 176, 248

Porcupine District Council in 2005, including Darrel Iron Shield, Mary Louise Defender-Wilson, Dennis Paint, 249

Poverty rates/poverty, 25, 26, 43, 83, 158, 201, 208

Powder River Basin, 102

Precontact societies, economies, 23, 47

Preclearance, 82

Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity, 78

Prince Lobel Tye, 251

Pruitt, Scott, 134

Public Law 280, 154

Public Library of Science, or PLOS, 169

Pueblos, ancestral gardens, 16-18, 227-240

Pueblos, tribes, reservations, programs, members, 4, 16-18, 195, 210, 211, 217, 227-240

Puget Sound, 170, 183-185

Puyallup, tribe, members, 4, 12-13, 131, 148-149, 167-174, 183-185, 251

Pyramid Lake, 90

Quetawki, Arlen Jr., 249

Quinault, 24, 250

Quinn, Philip, 163

Race and Justice,peer-reviewed journal, 162

Rafelito, Alvin, 208, 213-214

Rainforest Alliance, 15

Ramah Navajo, tribe, reservation, programs, members, 43, 209, 213-214

Rapid City Regional Airport, 58-59

Rappold, Matthew, 153, 155

Record of decision, or ROD, 107, 110, 

Red Cloud Indian School, Heritage Center, 217

Regalia, Western Shoshone, 145 

Registration, voter, 67, 73, 74, 79, 100, 104

Rehnquist, William, 49-50

Renville, Mary-Catherine, 248

Resisting Environmental Destruction on Indigenous Lands (REDOIL), 134

Revenue, outside agricultural enterprises on reservations, 45-46

Revenue, outside corporate interests on reservations, 45

Reynon, Tim, 173, 181

Richard LaCourse Award for Investigative Reporting, 253

Rideout, James, 167-174, 183-185, 251

Ridington, Robin, 243

Riley, Jeanetta, 147, 148, 149, 165

Rio del Oso Anthropological Services, 227 

Rio Grande Valley, 239

Rise of Tribes and the Fall of Federal Indian Law,by Lance Morgan, 52 (general reference), 260

Rodgers, Tom, 68, 103-104, 250

Roe, Bob, 253

Roger Williams University, 166

Rolo, Patrick, 249 

Rome, ancient, and founding of, 112, 227

Roosevelt, Theodore, including “pulverization” policy, 39, 61, 189, 190

Root, Leeanne, 253

Rose, Danialle, 201, 203-204

Rosebud County, Montana, 84

Rosebud Sioux, tribe, reservation, programs, members, 51, 62-65, 67, 68, 72, 152, 153, 155, 160, 161, 178, 189, 191, 205, 249

Route 66, 22

Rowlands, Lucinda, 253

Ruppel, Kristin T., 62

Russ, Jake, 60-61

Russano, Melissa, 166

Sabal Pipeline, 132

Sacred sites, protection, advocacy, competing understandings, laws, destruction, violence, lawsuits, gift to a tribe, p 107-146

Salyers, Jacqueline, 13, 148, 149, 167-174, 183-185

Sami, tribal people, 227 

San Carlos Apache, tribe, member, 131

San Juan County, Utah, 73-76

San Juan River, from Colorado through Navajo reservation, 141-142

Sanchez v. Cegavske,72

Sanchez, Bobby, 90

Sandpoint, Idaho, 147

Sangre de Cristo Mountain, New Mexico, 239

Santee Sioux Reservation, 252

Sault Sainte Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, 138

Saveur, 252

Sawers, Brian, 29

Sazue, Brandon, 248

Schroedel, Jean, 75, 161-162, 166-167, 251

Schurz, Carl, 189

Semans, Barb, 68, 72, 249

Semans, Donna, 85-86

Semans, Oliver J. or OJ, 51-52, 67-68, 70-72, 76-77, 79, 80, 82, 86, 87, 89, 90, 100, 249

Seneca, 187

Sessions, Jeff, 149

Seventh Cavalry, 42, 84

Sexual abuse, in boarding schools, 191-194

Sharpe, John, 252

Shelby County v. Holder,82

Shelton, Brett Lee, 24, 126, 251

Sheriff, South Dakota, 85-86, 96

Short Bull, Jesse, 248

Shoshone-Bannock, tribe, member, 79, 133

Shoshone-Paiute, tribe, members, 113, 250

Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 54

Sioux Messenger, 54

Sioux, Danny, 104

Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate, 197-198, 248

Sitting Bull, 61, 164

Skye, Aubrey, 219, 220, 221, 223, 224, 229 

Slavery, forced labor, 192

Snyder, Vincent, 241-242

Soaring Eagle, Zuni dance group, 195, 249 

Society of Native Nations, 132

Sope, Reggie, 112-113, 145, 250 

Sotomayor, Sonya, 182-183

South DaCola,88-89

South Dakota Public Assurance Alliance, 87-89 

South Dakota, 7, 10, 25, 48, 53, 54, 57, 58, 63, 64, 67, 70, 72, 81, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 95, 96, 97, 114, 127, 132, 152, 156, 157, 161, 163, 164, 177, 178, 188, 189, 192, 193, 196,197, 198, 199, 201, 202, 205, 207, 208, 209, 210223, 247, 248, 248, 253

Spotted Eagle, Faith, 247

Spotted Eagle, Kip, 188

St. John, Roger, 197-198

Stainbrook, Cris, 36-38, 59, 60, 61, 62, 250

Standing Rock Sioux, tribe, reservation, programs, members, 10-14, 23, 53, 63, 77, 79, 80, 90, 108, 110, 129-133, 137, 156, 177, 179, 201, 207-208, 215, 218-224, 248, 249

Stanford University, 210

State taxation of reservation economic activities, 50-52

Straits of Mackinac, connecting Lake Huron and Lake Michigan, 138 

Stratmann, Thomas, 60-61

Strong, Peter, 217

Subsistence use of land, 40-41, 93-94

Suicide Prevention Resource Center, or SPRC, 166

Suicide, including youth suicide, 207-214

Sully, Alfred, 84

Sundjordet, Steven Dominguez, 233-235, 249

Suquamish, tribe, member, 147

Sustainable agricultural economy, Sioux historic, 221-222

Sweet Grass Project, 210

Tacoma, Washington, 12, 13, 148, 149, 167, 168, 169, 183, 184

Tareeq, Darleen, 165

Tekakwitha, Catholic orphanage, 248

Termination Era, 44-45

Tester, Jon, 103

Tesuque Pueblo, tribe, members, 16, 228-240, 249

Texas, 28, 77, 79, 132, 181

Togiak, Alaska, 94-96

Tohono O’odham, 16, 84

Tom, Mary, 21, 28-32, 35, 46

Tosawihi, items observed or collected, 121, 125, 126

Tosawihi, or Tosawihi Complex, or Tosawihi Quarries, 107-128

Tovar, Roberta, 21-23, 27-34, 36, 56, 251

Toyukak v. Treadwell, 91-93 

Toyukak, Mike and Anecia, 224-225

Traditional cultural landscape, definition, 116-118

Traditional Cultural Properties: What You Do and How We Think, 117

Traditional Native American Farmers Association, or TNAFA, 16, 228, 232, 249

Trahant, Mark, 79, 133

Trail of Tears, Cherokees’, 42

Trainum, Jim, 165, 167

Trans-Pecos Pipeline, 132

Translation of ballots, 71, 74, 91, 92-93, 94, 96, 

Treaties, general, 41-42, 49, 140 

Treaty of 1868, or Fort Laramie Treaty, 42

Treaty of Ruby Valley, 115

Tribal Issues Advisory Group, or TIAG, 157 

Tribal Land Enterprise, 62-63

Trujillo, Gabe, 17, 249

Trump administration, 46, 52, 78, 131, 133-134, 136

Trust/trust status, 29, 33, 34, 37-38, 56, 60, 143, 173

Tulalip Tribes, 51

Turquoise Room, 252 

U.S. Department of the Interior, or Interior Department, 22, 24, 26, 28-29, 33, 51, 52, 59-62, 63, 77, 107, 109, 151, 189, 250

Umon’hon’ti, 243-244 

Uncounseled tribal-court convictions, 153-154

United Tribes of Bristol Bay, 135 

University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 213, 225

University of Idaho, 58

University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 252

University of Michigan, 138

University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 187

University of Nebraska, 243

University of New Mexico, 151, 158

University of North Dakota, 156

University of South Dakota, 48

University of Southern California, Annenberg School of Journalism, 253

University of Texas-Austin, 241

University of Utah, 80

University of Washington, 165

University of Wyoming, 83, 99

US Commission on Civil Rights, or USCCR, 83, 164-165 

US Constitution, Article VI (Sixth Article), 49, 140

US Constitution, Fifth Amendment, 61-62, 154

US Constitution, Fourteenth Amendment, 83

US Department of Agriculture, or USDA, 45-46 

US Department of Education, Alaska Native Education Program, 226

US Department of Energy, 24

US Department of Health and Human Services, 200

US Department of Justice, or Justice Department, 70, 77, 79, 82, 86, 97, 99, 149 

US Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, 139

US Forest Service, 126, 134

US Sentencing Commission, 156-157 

US Supreme Court, or SCOTUS, court, justices, 49-53, 55, 76, 82, 115, 152, 153, 154, 182, 206

Utah Diné Bikéyah, 142 

Utah, 28, 67, 73-76, 97, 115, 134, 142, 147, 181, 239, 251

Vance, Kiana, 129

Vargas, Vaughn, 156

Voting Rights Act, or VRA, including Sections 4 and 5, 67, 81-83, 89, 91

Voting Rights Project, of the ACLU, 89, 104-105, 252

Voting rights, constraints on, advocacy of, legislation, lawsuits, elections, p 67-106

Walker River, tribe, members, 89-90

Wandering Medicine v. McCulloch, 72, 75, 83, 97-104

Wandering Medicine, Ilo, 68

Wandering Medicine, Mark, 68, 97-104, 105, 151-152, 160, 250

Wanna, Mary Jane, 248

War on drugs, 155

Washburn, Kevin, 78, 151, 158

Washington Post, 160, 161, 162

Washington State, Native children in care, 195

Washington State, police training, accountability, 12, 13, 167, 171, 173, 181

Washington State, tribal taxation, economic boon to state, vote, 51, 59. 103

Washington, DC, 13, 41, 77, 79, 101, 156, 165

Washington, George, family land grants, 48

Wayne, Leslie, 253

Webster, Carroll, 46

Webster, Gerald, 99

Wesleyan University, 188

West Virginia, 25

Western Refining, 28-32

Western Shoshone, 4, 6, 107, 108, 111, 113, 114, 115, 120, 135, 136, 142, 144, 215, 250, 254

Whiskey ranches, 57

White Bull, Kimberly, 219

White Earth Ojibwe, members, 162-163, 202

White Hawk, Sandra, 187-197

White Knives, 111

White Swan, South Dakota, 222

Whiteclay, Nebraska, 57, 132

Whitehat, Terry, 75

Willett, Sally, 26, 34, 37, 39, 46, 47, 50, 250

Williams, Kimberly, 137

Willie, Justin, 4

Wilson-Frederick, Ann, 62-63

Wilson, Rollie, 120, 123, 140, 252

Wind River, tribe, members, 58, 105

Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska, tribe, reservation, programs, members, 38, 50, 57, 58, 61, 109, 200, 248, 251

Wisconsin, 15, 140, 154, 195

Witnesses, federal cases with Native defendants, 158-159

World Hoop Dance Championship, 244  

Wounded Knee massacre, 42, 81, 84, 86, 127, 196-197

Wounded Knee occupation, 13

Wounded Knee village, 25, 42

Wyoming, 47, 58, 105

Yanez, Evelyn, 225-226

Yankton Sioux, or Ihanktonwan Dakota, tribe, reservation, programs, members, 4, 53-56, 132, 159, 188, 193, 222, 247

Yapese, Micronesian people, 227 

Yellow Fat, Terry, 201

Yomba Shoshone, tribe, member, 145

Youth, in culture, land, and water protection, 118-121, 128, 137, 212-214

Yowell, Raymond, 115, 250

Yup’ik mathematics project, or Math in a Cultural Context, 224-227

Yup’ik, 84, 94, 135, 137, 209, 224-227

Zephier, Izzie, 4

Zephier, Janet DeLoughery, 247

Zummo, Joseph, 27, 98, 144, 145, 183, 247, 251, 289

Zummo, Joseph, photographs, 4, 6, 11, 14, 21, 30, 35, 43, 68, 98, 108, 113, 119, 149, 159, 172, 184, 195, 211, 244, 254, 288

Zummo, Julia, 247

Zummo, Peter, 247

Zuni Life Skills Development, 210-211

Zuni Pueblo, tribe, reservation, program, members, 4, 195, 210-211

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